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Industrial water purification processes are varied and are selected based on the quality of the incoming water and the specific requirements of each industry. Among the most common methods are:

• Filtration: This physical process removes suspended solid particles, such as sediment and microorganisms, through filter media of different pore sizes. Filters can be made of sand, activated carbon or ceramic membranes, among others.
• Coagulation and Flocculation: These chemical processes are used to agglomerate small particles, facilitating their removal by sedimentation or filtration. Coagulants are added that neutralize the electrical charges of the particles, allowing them to join together and form larger flocs.
• Sedimentation: Once the flocs are formed, they are allowed to settle to the bottom of a tank by gravity, separating the water from the solids.
• Flotation: This process is based on the adhesion of the particles to small air bubbles, which makes them float to the surface and facilitates their removal.
• Disinfection: Various disinfection methods are used to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms, such as chlorination, ozonation, and ultraviolet radiation.
• Ion exchange: This process is used to remove dissolved ions from water, such as calcium, magnesium, and other heavy metals. Ion exchange resins are used to exchange their own ions for those present in the water.
• Reverse osmosis: This technology uses a semipermeable membrane to separate water from dissolved solutes, producing high purity water.
• Distillation: This physical method consists of evaporating water and condensing the steam to obtain pure water. Although it is an effective method, its high energy consumption limits its use in large-scale industrial applications.

The selection of the appropriate purification process depends on various factors, such as the nature of the contaminants present in the water, the required flow rate, the desired final water quality, and operating costs. In many cases, several processes are combined to obtain the necessary level of purity.