In industrial water treatment, one of the most critical challenges is preventing the proliferation of microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi, and yeasts. These organisms can form biofilms, clog systems, accelerate corrosion, and compromise water quality. To avoid these issues, the use of biocides and preservatives is an essential practice.
What are biocides and preservatives?
Biocides are chemical substances designed to eliminate or inhibit the growth of microorganisms in water systems. Preservatives, on the other hand, are additives that extend the shelf life of treated water and prevent microbial contamination during storage. Both are used in cooling towers, boilers, potable water systems, process water, and recirculation systems.
Most common types of biocides
Oxidizing biocides: Such as chlorine, bromine, or chlorine dioxide, are highly effective and fast-acting. They eliminate microorganisms through cellular oxidation. Ideal for applications with high organic loads, though they can generate byproducts like chloramines or trihalomethanes (THMs).
Non-oxidizing biocides: Such as isothiazolinones, glutaraldehyde, DBNPA, or quats (quaternary ammonium compounds). These are more selective and stable, ideal for targeting specific bacteria or preventing biofilm formation without altering water chemistry.
Microbiological preservatives: Mainly used in industrial process water and cosmetic applications, these help maintain the quality of treated water during extended storage periods.
Key factors for effective application
Proper dosing: The concentration of the biocide must be sufficient to eliminate microorganisms without exceeding regulatory limits or damaging equipment.
Chemical compatibility: It's vital to analyze interactions with other products such as corrosion inhibitors or antifoaming agents.
Continuous monitoring: Measuring parameters like pH, conductivity, ORP, and microbial load ensures effective control.
Biocide rotation: Alternating products helps prevent microbial resistance, an increasing concern in industrial environments.
Conclusion
The strategic use of biocides and preservatives is essential for keeping water systems free from microorganisms and operating safely and efficiently. A proper system diagnosis, along with the right biocide selection, not only extends the equipment’s lifespan but also ensures compliance with health regulations and maintains water quality at every stage of the process.
American Water Solutions, LLC., is a family business based in Texas. We manufacture reverse osmosis water treatment systems for every application from domestic to industrial.
